learnings of the week>>>by caligdong

another set lessons have been discussed...

a new set of lessons we have learned....

well, here I am again to part the learning that I have ought for the past week. ☺



The lessons we have discussed for the fourth week of July is all bout the elements of the computer.
A computer has three fundamental elements.Namely:

• System Unit;
• Output Devices; and
• Input Devices.

SYSTEM UNIT
>>it acts like the center or core
>>it processes the data and information it receives from input devices
>>its processed information are received by the output devices like printers.


SYSTEM CASE
>>it is a plastic or metal box that houses the components of the computer

such as the motherboard,disk drives,and power supply unit

>>there two basic types of system case:desktop and tower
DESKTOP
-designed to be placed horizontally on a surface
-it is wider
-usually used in home and office PCs
-it has 2 basic sizes: standard and slimline
TOWER
-designed to be placed vertically on a surface
-it is higher
-it has 3 basic sizes:
1. mini (usually used for office and home PCs)
2. midi (used for higher-end user PCs)
3. full (usually used for PC servers)
>>the parts of the case:
COVER -locked using screws
FRONT PANEL -provides access to disk drives, switch, and LEDs to indicate drive operation


MOTHERBOARD
>>the largest board of the computer system
>>it contains the CPU, BIOS,memory,mass storage interfaces,serial and controllers
>>CHIPSET-these are chips that reside on the motherboard
>>its battery is used to preserve the computer's clock time and your BIOS settings while the computer is turned off


CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
>>it interprets and executes instructions.
>>it has the ability to fetch, decode, and execute instructions and transfer information to and from other resources
over the computer's main data-transfer path, the bus.
>>it functions as "the brain of a computer"

CLOCK
>>it synchronizes the operation pf all parts of the PC
>>it consists of a clock generator that sets up a timing signal, and clock multipliers.

MEMORY
>>it has 2 fundamental types:main memory and secondary memory

• MAIN MEMORY

-very closely connected to the processor
-the contents are quickly and easily changed
-holds the programs and data that the processor is actively working with
-interacts with the processor millions of times per second
-when programs and data become active; they are copied from secondary memory into
main memory where the processor can interact with them
-it is sometimes called, RAM
which means Random Access Memory,
where the memory cells can be accessed in any order.
it means the computer cans tore, retrieve, alter or delete any items held in the RAM's
at random
it is a semiconductor - based memory that can be read and written
-main memory is build from small circuit boards called MEMORY MODULES
-ROM BIOS (read-only memory; basic input output system) chips provides:
*industry standard program code that operates the fundamental components of the
PC
*ensures that the the design of each manufacturer's motherboard is PC compatible
*routines that allow the set up configurations of the PC
*POST (power-on self-test) diagnostic tests of the PC
=>cannot be swapped between different motherboards
=>often known as firmware
=>normally a DIP chip that can be identified by the label on the chip
-CMOS RAM (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductors random access memory)
stores the configuration of the PC; describes the manufactiring process used to make
RAM chips; and, uses NICard, lithium or alkaline cell battery

• SECONDARY MEMORY

-connected to the main memory through a bus and controller
-contents are easily changed
-slower than the main memory
-used for long - term storage of data
-occasionally interacted by the processor
-common secondary memory are: floppy disks,hard disks, compact disks
FLOPPY DISKS- stores magnetic signals
HARD DISKS- usually designated as drive C; it is non-removable
CD ROMs-CD that holds music is called music CD
-while, CD that holds compuiter data is called computer CD
CD-RW-it contents are can be edited
DVD-digital versatile disk;holds 2hour movies
VIDEO CARD-enhances the performance of graphics and display capabilities

>>> The basic parts of the system unit are:

• System Case
• Motherboard
• Central Processing Unit
• Memory
• Video Card
• Expansion Slots
• Speaker
• Internal Modem
• Power supply
• IDE and Floppy Disk Ribbon Cable
• Power Cables